Gardening in Spain Bell peppers

Bell pepper or sweet pepper is a cultivar group of the species Capsicum annuum (chili pepper). While the bell pepper is a member of the Capsicum family, it is the only Capsicum that does not produce capsaicin, the chemical causing the strong burning sensation usually associated with the rest of the family.

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Cultivars of the plant produce fruits in different colours, including red, yellow and orange. The fruit is also frequently consumed in its unripe form, when the fruit is still green. Green peppers are less sweet and slightly more bitter than red, yellow or orange peppers.   The taste of ripe peppers can vary with growing conditions and post-harvest storage treatment; the sweetest are fruit allowed to ripen fully on the plant in full sunshine, while fruit harvested green and after-ripened in storage are less sweet.

1.    Peppers like evenly moist and evenly warm soil. If moisture levels or temperature levels fluctuate too much you will have problems with root rot and low fruit production. Use a good layer of mulch to help solve this problem.

2.     Peppers also like well drained soil. If they sit in thick wet soil, their roots will rot. If needed, plant them in containers or raised beds.

3.   If you buy pepper seedlings in the nursery to transplant, make sure to look for strong stems and healthy, dark green leaves. Also do not buy any plants that already have flowers or fruit on them because they will not produce well for you after you have planted them out.

4.     Not to beat the point to death, but as soon as you have planted your peppers, spread a thick mulch around the base of the plants, making sure the mulch does not touch any of the plant’s stem.

5.    Water deeply during dry spells to encourage deep root development, and help with better tasting peppers. Lack of water can produce bitter-tasting fruit.

6.     If any weeds pop up, carefully pull them by hand. Do not heavily cultivate peppers because you can damage their roots and they won’t produce or grow as well.

7.     Very hot days with temperatures over 32° C (90° F), can often cause pepper flowers to drop off and the plants to wilt. To avoid this, plant peppers so that taller garden crops, such as corn, will shade the peppers during the hottest part of the day. If that is not possible, putting shade cloth over them can help.

8.     Peppers grow best when the soil temperatures are at least 16° C (60° F).

9.     Most sweet and hot peppers are at their best when fully mature. That said, in order to keep plants bearing fruit longer, you will have to harvest some peppers before they are fully ripened. That’s OK, they will still taste super.

10.  Always cut peppers from the plant – do not pull them off. You can damage the stem and plant and slow fruit production.

11. Enjoy your peppers – they are good for you!

Marc Vijverberg

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