Almond Trees Gardening in Spain

The almond tree (Prunus dulcis) is a small to medium sized deciduous fruit tree

The almond tree is one of the first trees to flower at the close of winter

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The almond tree is one of the first trees to flower at the close of winter and in February large parts of Spain are dressed with light and colour. The "Almendros" (almond trees) are in bloom, a fact that marks the beginning of spring. It lasts approximately 3 weeks, and is a spectacular sight.

Prunus dulcis

The almond tree (Prunus dulcis) is a small to medium sized deciduous fruit tree within the rose (Rosaceae) family, along with other tree fruits such as peaches, apples, pears, plums, cherries, and apricots. Within the genus, almonds are most closely related to the peach, and hybrids of the two are used as rootstocks.

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Almonds are native to the Mediterranean region of the Middle East, explaining their requirement of mild winters and long dry summers. Almonds were domesticated at least by 3000 BC, and perhaps much earlier since wild almonds have been unearthed in Greek archeological sites dating to 8000 BC. The almond was spread along the shores of the Mediterranean in northern Africa and southern Europe by Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans.

In Greek mythology the almond tree is represented by the beautiful princess Phyllis. Left at the altar on her wedding day, Phyllis waited for years before finally perishing of a broken heart. In sympathy, the gods transformed her into an almond tree, as a symbol of hope. When Phyllis' fiancee returned to find her as a leafless, flowerless tree, he embraced it and the tree burst into bloom.

 

 

Almond Trees Spain The parade of Almond Trees

Almond Tree Spain Flowers

 

Flowering & Fruiting

Almond flowers are nearly identical to peach and other Prunus flowers, but are more fragrant and tend to be either light pink or white. The almond tree is not self-pollinating and must be cross-pollinated. Because of this, honeybees or other pollinators are essential to fruit production. However, there is a lot of work being done on developing a prolific nut producing, self-fertile almond. In the meantime, it is possible to buy grafted compatible varieties of almonds to reduce the need for two trees.

 

The soft, fuzzy almond tree fruit is called a drupe. Prior to "ripening", the hull dries and splits, revealing the nut, within which lies the kernel that we love to eat. There are two types of almonds trees, thebitter, used for almond essence, and the sweet almond tree, grown in home gardens and perfectfor eating. The bitter almond is a cousin to the sweet almond, but contains traces of lethal prussic acid (Hydrogen cyanide) in its raw state. The toxicity is destroyed by heat, so it is safe to eat any dish prepared with bitter almonds, but unprocessed bitter almonds can be lethal.

 Almond Tree Spain Soft fuzzy new fruit

 Almond Tree Nuts Spain

 

Almond Tree blossum Spain

Almond trees require at least 2 to 3 years to produce fruit, with maximum nut production in 6 to 10 years. Unlike its short-lived cousin the peach, almond trees can produce for 50+ years. Thinning is unnecessary; a high proportion of flowers must set fruit for normal cropping. Like so many tree crops, rainfall damages fruit production once trees begin to bloom. Frost can be equally damaging, with both the blossoms and young fruits susceptible to frost damage.

Almonds are harvested in summer when the outer, fleshy hull starts to split open. Collect the nuts from the outer canopy of the tree first, by spreading a tarp on the ground below and knocking the tree. A couple of weeks later the nuts on the inner canopy will have ripened and can be harvested in the same way. Almonds can be stored for months either in-shell, or shelled if dry, or for years when frozen.

Planting & Care

Almond trees should be planted early in the year, when low temperatures prevent leaf buds from growing - this gives the roots time to regenerate before budding. Almonds do best in deep, well-drained soil that is reasonably fertile, but will tolerate poor soils. Pick a sheltered position that receives full sunlight. When almond trees are first planted, it is important to give them a boost with superphosphate, following up with a balanced plant food in autumn and spring thereafter. Although mature trees can survive on little water, to produce a maximum crop of nuts they need regularly watering.

Pruning The Almond Tree

The almond tree are trained to an open center shape in the firstyear to allow sunlight and air to penetrate the tree. Maintain the almond tree by pruning the branches every year. This is best done in late winter or early spring before the new growth appears. When pruning, cut off dead and unhealthy branches first and then thin out areas where growth is bushy.

Almonds have been used as a valuable food source since ancient Greek times. The healthiest of all the nuts, almonds contain protein and concentrations of important vitamins and minerals, they are low-carb and rich in unsaturated fat (good for the heart), and also have the highest fibre content of any nut or seed. In India, consumption of almonds is considered a nutritive for brain and nervous system and is said to induce high intellectual level and longevity. So go ahead and eat a handful a day…

Marc Vijverberg

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Almond Trees Gardening in Spain first trees to flower in February Almond Trees